by Rush Beesley, President, RUSHWORKS
Video is Easy.
There aren’t any ‘terrible’ video cameras these days. In fact, there are a myriad of tiny cameras with pinhole-sized lenses – often referred to as “cell phones” – that incorporate the latest technology and are available from many manufacturers.
With any current generation camera you can record (and stream) excellent HD video with minimal lighting. Overhead fluorescents provide adequate ‘soft light’ for any meeting venue. So just turn on the camera, frame your shot, and press Record.
Audio is not.
The variables involved when capturing audio in a meeting environment are many, and include
• Types of microphones (condenser vs. dynamic; wired vs. wireless; analog vs. digital)
• Audio pickup patterns (omnidirectional, unidirectional, cardioid, hyper-cardioid, ultra-cardioid)
• Local microphone control (user and/or remotely selected On/Mute)
• Audio mixers and signal processors (analog vs. digital)
• Audio power amplifiers vs. powered speakers
• Room sound support (ceiling vs. stand-mounted speakers; one or multiple speaker ‘zones’)
• Integration of Zoom, Teams and other remote meeting software with in-room sound support
• Meeting participants generally do not understand how to interact with a microphone
Here is a summary of the basics to help you make ‘sound’ decisions for your room.
Types of microphones
Condenser microphones have a higher output level and capture the important frequencies in the human voice. Since a dais or grouped tables are likely featured for the participants, ‘gooseneck’ microphones on weighted bases are ideal.
There are dozens of choices on Amazon, Sweetwater, B&H and more, but consider the Shure MX418D/C 18-inch Cardioid Gooseneck Microphone with Desktop Base and Preamp as your ‘go to’ for the room. The pickup pattern appropriately rejects ambient noise, reduces feedback potential and accommodates the widest range of participant positions.
Wireless microphones can be great problem solvers and problem creators at the same time. There is generally no local control of On/Off that your participants can easily use, so bathroom breaks must be muted by the operator. For current technology at a great price check out the Rode Wireless Go II and DJI wireless kits that provide excellent and stable wireless performance on a budget.
Audio mixers
Just select one with enough XLR inputs to accommodate your wired and wireless microphones. All will provide input level control and EQ for each input. The most important thing to know is how to set the input level for each microphone. Always follow this procedure.
- Set your mixer MASTER level fader to the 0dB position.
- Move the fader/rotary pot to the 0dB position, usually about halfway on the fader.
- With the person talking normally into the mike, rotate the input GAIN pot (+4 to -60dB) until the level meter/LED peaks before showing red. This assures an optimal signal level for that participant/microphone.
Yamaha is among many manufacturers offering excellent alternatives, some with USB output. MX12XU shown here.
Audio signal processors
Analog audio signal processors manage audio levels by limiting, compressing and expanding the signal so the level stays consistent. The manufacturer dbx has provided these solutions for decades, and they’re still viable and inexpensive, like the Model 166x. Digital Signal Processors (DSP) use intelligent algorithms to manage levels and EQ, but they’re typically more expensive and complex to use. These are often associated with Dante™ digital audio systems.
Audio power amps, speakers and powered speakers
Before powered speakers became widely available, the signal path was always from the analog output of your audio mixer (line level) to one or more audio amplifiers, typically in rack-mount configurations. The power amps are connected to ceiling and/or wall-mounted passive (non-powered) speakers. 70V speaker systems are networks of loudspeakers which are connected to an audio amplifier using step-up and step-down transformers to simplify impedance calculations and to minimize power loss over the speaker cables. Powered speakers bypass the need for amplifiers, with the line out(s) of the mixer connected to those devices. Either method is fine, but powered speakers are the easiest to setup and use in many meeting spaces.
Remote participant audio integration
‘Hybrid’ meetings, that combine participants in a room with remote meeting software, are now largely an accepted form of municipal gatherings. But managing the interactive audio is a challenge because of how the signals are routed in your audio mixer. This can cause the annoying ‘feedback’, or round-robin echo that plagues such configurations. This is solved by creating a “mix minus” output on your mixer providing at least one ‘aux’ output sending a different mix of inputs to that output. The company ZOOM makes a lot of excellent and affordable audio gear, including their LiveTrak L-8 and L-12 mixers. Not only can they record individual inputs, but they also support three independent aux mixes that resolve remote meeting audio perfectly.
Summary Understanding the variables in audio production is critical in making the proper choices and optimizing your audio-for-video, which is certainly the most important aspect of your meeting recording. But I do recommend conducting a ‘class’ with your participants before the event to demonstrate how to, and how not to, interact with their microphone. Prevention is always the best alternative to an expensive cure.
News & Events
Posted: September 22, 2022 by bduthaler
PTZ cameras: NDI, HDBaseT, SDI and HDMI
by Marvin Charyn, Director of Broadcast Sales, G&G Technologies
I have about 50 years experience in this industry. Engineering, sales and designing systems.
I graduated from Voorhees Technical Institute which is now a part of Hunter College and continued my education at New York Institute of Technology.
G&G Technologies has been in business for over 34 years. If you go to G&G Technologies website www.ggvideo.com you will find that we are an authorized dealer for over 100 manufacturers.
I am now starting my 11th year at G&G Technologies as the Director of Broadcast Sales.
I will be presenting at JAG’s Sept. 28 meeting. The main topic will be PTZ Cameras, discussing all phases of this particular type of camera such as NDI, HDBaseT, SDI and HDMI. PTZ camera systems are now starting to take over the industry. Most camera manufacturers are now adding this type of camera to their line of products. Municipalities, Courts, Houses of Worship and Schools are now replacing their current camera systems with PTZ cameras. Today all 30 Major League Stadiums have Panasonic Outdoor PTZ cameras installed.
In addition to selling individual items, we also design systems and do On-Site Surveys. G&G also offers equipment rentals with various cameras, intercom systems, lighting packages, etc.
Two of the PTZ cameras I will talk about are the Panasonic AW-HE42K and the JVC KY-PZ200NBU.
The AW-HE42K is a full HD camera with an integrated rotating base equipped with 3G-SDI and a variety of other output connectors. The four types of output interfaces and the genlock function support smooth large-scale shooting with multiple cameras. The camera is perfect for a wide range of environments, from recording and broadcast of lectures, to live streaming at concerts and other events.
HD PTZ REMOTE CAMERA with NDI|HX
JVC’s new HD KY-PZ200N cameras provide optimal streaming image quality and performance for remote production over the internet and is equipped with NDI®|HX and SRT streaming, H.265/H.264/MJPEG encoding, and VITC (Vertical Interval Timecode) multi-camera synchronization technologies.
G&G will be presenting at the September 28, JAG General Meeting via Zoom.
Posted: August 18, 2022 by bduthaler
Glad to be Back
by Jesse Lerman, President/CEO, TelVue
The Eastern Video Expo 2022 brought a welcome end to a two+ year drought of local, in-person trade shows and other industry events, giving participating vendors the opportunity for face-to-face engagement with valued customers once again. It was great to say goodbye to endless Hollywood Squares-like Zoom meetings and welcome back the kind of meaningful conversations and collaborative-based discussions that generate important feedback, crucial for product development.
Before the pandemic, trade shows were a mainstay line item for any company’s marketing budget, and exhibiting to current and prospective customers, suppliers and other business associates was crucial. Most importantly, the EVE gave us a chance to access key decision makers in current and prospective organizations, and to service and support any current accounts’ requests in-person. In addition to having direct exposure to long-time clients, it was a chance to see what other products are being introduced to the market, as well as a forum to unveil TelVue’s key product roadmap items.
While the attendance was lighter than past years, not unexpected for the first post-pandemic return, it actually fostered a very productive climate for more one-on-one discussions with station operators, producers and other stakeholders, so vital to the region’s PEG channel operations. Having a single day on the exhibit floor for vendors to showcase and highlight products felt just right. Ho’Iki’s J Robertson always wins the prize for the most frequent flier miles accumulated to attend the expo once again this year, and it was great to see him, along with everyone whose commute to the event was considerably shorter! Thanks very much to Montclair’s Rick Gearheart for furnishing a huge box of salty snack bags to balance the otherwise heavily chocolate candy-skewed bowl at TelVue’s booth, giving nice balance for grazing throughout the day.
We also said “bon voyage” to one of TelVue’s first customers in the Garden State, Woodbridge’s own Lee Beckerman, as he prepared to sail off in the retirement sunset, and, after 20+ years, it was also the swansong show for TelVue’s own founding partner and SVP of Sales & Marketing, Paul Andrews. It’s been said that retirement is when you trade the boss who hired you for the one who married you, so good luck to Lee and Paul, with both of your new bosses! At least in retirement, you don’t have to request paid time off anymore.
The EVE conference always affords vendors the opportunity for larger group presentations, and TelVue covered a range of new items this year: from next level, integrated social media streaming directly from our very affordable new AIO+ line of Hypercaster server models, automation rules, dual language closed captioning, and a special users group for the JAG Shared Server. Both of our presentation slots on captioning and social streaming were well attended with great engagement, questions, and feedback. Any trade show will offer potential to satisfy one or more of a company’s marketing objectives, but it’s also the chance for engineering and product development staff, who seldom get as much customer contact as they need, to engage directly with end users. EVE is like a dynamic day-long focus group, where we get to review our products and services and assess preliminary customer reactions, critical or not. The annual conference is a valuable testbed for an appreciative audience and TelVue is always grateful to be a part of the robust NJ station community.
Posted: August 18, 2022 by bduthaler
Old Bridge Television
by Aime Alonzo Station Manager
My name is Aime Alonzo. I am the newly appointed Station Manager of Old Bridge Television or as we call it, OBTV. I was pleased to learn about JAG and to meet many of its supportive members on the phone and at this year’s Eastern Video Expo. Let me tell you a little about myself and the station.
I am an actor and a member of SAG/AFTRA. In college I majored in Theater and Film Production, but life’s twists and turns took me to Law School. After earning my Juris Doctorate Degree, I worked traditional jobs, but the yearning to be creative kept nagging at me. I went back to acting. I acted in award winning independent projects, produced some independent films and directed an independent series. I also worked as a background actor on TV shows like “Law & Order”, “The Equalizer”, “FBI” and movies like “Players”, and “Your Place or Mine” which will be out soon on Netflix. I am very happy to have joined OBTV. My duties also include overseeing the township website and serving as the Business Administrator’s executive assistant.
Old Bridge Television is one of the founding members of JAG. Currently it has only two staff members, including me, the station manager, and Jacob Turchi, a media production technician. OBTV covers the township council meetings, the zoning meetings, and the planning meetings. Original shows include the “Old Bridge Outlook”, the Mayor’s PSAs, and coverage of township events like the Memorial Day Parade and Old Bridge Day to name a few. We broadcast on Altice channel 15, on Fios channel 22, and on YouTube. In addition to the cable channels, I worked on getting OBTV programming to broadcast on streaming platforms. Residents of Old Bridge can now watch OBTV on Apple TV, Roku, Fire Stick and on android and iPhone apps. Before I began working at the station, I reviewed programming footage. Since my first day on the job, I made it a point to improve the look of our broadcasts. I have experimented mostly with lighting and with JAG’s help, I have explored other technical solutions until we are able to upgrade our equipment.
Our studio is comprised of a filming area and a control room. We use three JVC PROHD compact shoulder mount cameras (model number GY-HM850CHU) that are permanently mounted on Bogen tripods (model number 3068 and 3127). Attached to our cameras are JVC Zoom Servo Units and Focus Manual Units which are manipulated on our tripods. We have Swit Electronics Co. LCD Monitor Screens that we use for more flexible viewing and as a composition and framing tool. The studio has 12 ceiling mounted lights that we manipulate as needed. Five lights are Dracast LED 1500 Wi-Fi Headlights, six are Dracast LED 200 Headlights and one Dracast LED 1500 Headlight with no Wi-Fi. We also have, positioned behind two white window panels which are used as a background in the studio, four ADJ Mega Go Bar 50 RGBA LED lights that change color.
Our court room/council chamber has three PTZ cameras and a second control center right in the council chamber. This is unusual because we also have a control room which has all the equipment necessary to broadcast from. The cart holds a broadcast switcher from Broadcast Pix (1000 Panel) a microphone mixer from Shure (model M367), and a Sony joystick remote camera controller (model RM-IP10). During council meetings our technician sits at the controls in the council chamber to monitor the broadcast. In the chamber we use 14 Shure XLR Gooseneck microphones (model MX418D/C), two Shure Wireless Gooseneck Microphones (model MX890G5) and one Shure wireless handheld microphone (model DD4ULX2). The XLR microphones are used by the council members, the two wireless goosenecks are used at the guest table and the wireless handheld mic is used by residents that want to make comments during the meetings. The equipment on our cart allows us to zoom in and out to provide viewers with a closer look at each speaker. This makes for a more interesting meeting. When we film on location, we use a Panasonic 4K Portable camera (model AG-DVX200) that we attach to a LiveU Live Unit (model LU-SOLO) to enable us to broadcast live to our YouTube channel. We also use a NetGear WIFI puck (model Nighthawk MR1100) as a hot spot. We recently started broadcasting live on Facebook as well. We are always working with the Mayor and the Business Administrator to identify programming opportunities that will keep our residents informed and involved in the community. We thank the Mayor and the Business Administrator for their continued support, and we look forward to upgrading our equipment so that we may provide residents with high quality programming.
Posted: August 18, 2022 by bduthaler
Cablecast OTT Spotlight: MCTV Network
by Dana Healy, VP Cablecast Community Media
As the community media hub serving the City of Midland, Michigan, Midland Community Television (MCTV Network) enables residents to create original content to inform, entertain, and educate. Operating four cable access TV channels on Charter Spectrum and AT&T U-verse, MCTV expanded its reach last year to include Roku, Apple TV, Amazon Fire, and mobile devices as well as enhancing its streaming offerings.
MCTV’s four channels contribute to a sense of community, providing hyper-local content, transparency in government, and a free speech forum to individuals and organizations. They include Midland Government TV, Midland Public Schools TV, Community Voices (public access), and Community Messages (bulletin board content, as well as live programming beyond what is offered on the other three channels).
While the four Cablecast SX LE HD servers that MCTV purchased in 2014 were still going strong and working reliably, the station knew it needed to expand its distribution platforms to maintain and grow its audience. “We just weren’t able to reach people who were dropping cable television,” said Matt Richardson, Manager of Midland Community Television. “As a non-commercial entity, we also didn’t want to be tied to a commercial service like YouTube.”
Working closely with Tightrope’s professional services team, MCTV launched custom-branded Cablecast apps for bringing all four of its channels to viewers on three OTT streaming platforms. The MCTV Network Community Voices app was released in early 2021 for Roku, Apple TV, and Amazon Fire. MCTV’s channels are also available on iOS and Android mobile devices through the standard Cablecast Community Media mobile app.
“Cablecast made the process of going OTT incredibly easy, with Tightrope support helping us create our branded apps,” said Richardson. “Most importantly, our viewers like the OTT option. A lot of people have downloaded our apps, and love being able to watch our channels in HD since our cable channels are limited to SD.”
At the same time as launching the new OTT apps, MCTV also upgraded the streaming capabilities on its website. VOD content is now served from Cablecast VOD via the Cablecast Reflect service (it was previously hosted on YouTube), and the addition of Cablecast Live servers enabled live streaming of all channels for the first time. MCTV is planning to upgrade to Cablecast VIO servers next year, and looks forward to reducing its equipment requirements by running the Cablecast CG bulletin board software on the same server as the station’s channel playout. The station is also switching its government meeting coverage from a dedicated municipal governance platform to Cablecast, and is excited about the rich capabilities the Cablecast platform offers for publishing civic meetings. “The ability to have VOD chapter markers and associate agendas as part of every government meeting recording is huge for us operationally, and for our viewers,” concluded Richardson.
Posted: August 18, 2022 by bduthaler
The Net Neutrality and Broadband Justice Act
by Dave Garb, Legislative Committee Chair
A couple weeks ago, Vice President Kamala Harris announced that millions of American households have signed up for broadband internet credits through a provision in the bipartisan infrastructure bill called the Affordable Connectivity Program. This bill passed in November of 2021 and White House officials are calling it an example of the administration’s efforts to lower costs for Americans amid the high inflation that has swept our nation.
This program provides eligible households a $30 monthly credit toward the cost of their internet service plan, or a $75 monthly credit for households living on Tribal lands. Households with an income at or below 200% of the poverty level are eligible, as well as any household with at least one member who participates in Medicaid, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Federal Pell Grants, and other programs.
FCC Chairwoman Jessica Rosenworcel circulated a Notice of Inquiry in mid-July to kick off the agency’s annual evaluation of the state of broadband across the country. As part of this assessment, Chairwoman Rosenworcel proposed increasing the national standard for minimum broadband speeds and proposed setting a long-term goal for broadband speed.
“The needs of internet users long ago surpassed the FCC’s 25/3 speed metric, especially during a global health pandemic that moved so much of life online,” said Chairwoman Rosenworcel. “The 25/3 metric isn’t just behind the times, it’s a harmful one because it masks the extent to which low-income neighborhoods and rural communities are being left behind and left offline. That’s why we need to raise the standard for minimum broadband speeds now and while also aiming even higher for the future, because we need to set big goals if we want everyone everywhere to have a fair shot at 21st century success.”
This Notice of Inquiry proposes to increase the national broadband standard to 100 megabits per second for downloading and 20 megabits per second for uploading. The FCC previously set the broadband standard at 25/3 Mbps in 2015 and has not updated it since. It also proposes to set a separate national goal of 1 Gbps/500 Mbps for the future.
Looking beyond speed, Chairwoman Rosenworcel also suggested that the Commission consider affordability, adoption, availability, and equitable access as part of its determination as to whether broadband is being deployed in a reasonable and timely fashion.
Speaking of broadband, the FCC is also hoping to reclassify the Net Neutrality and Broadband Justice Act. They would like to change the designation of internet access as a Title II telecommunications service and return the FCC’s authority to impose net neutrality rules.
That authority went away in 2017 when the FCC, under then Chairman Ajit Pai, reclassified it as a Title I information service not subject to mandatory access or potentially rate regulation rules.
This bill has been introduced by Senator Mikey with a companion bill by Rep. Matsui. If passed, broadband would become this Title II status and would then be subject to net neutrality, and other potential requirements
”The pandemic made clear internet access is no longer a luxury, but a necessity—and that consumers don’t just need broadband, they need to be able to hold their providers to account,” said Chairwoman Rosenworcel.
“After all, everyone should be able to go where they want and do what they want online without their broadband provider making choices for them. I support Net Neutrality because it fosters this openness and accountability. While I trust the FCC has the authority it needs to adopt Net Neutrality rules, legislation that helps ensure it is the law of the land is welcome.” Commissioner, Geoffrey Starks, also gave his support of the bill, “I have previously stated that the FCC’s 2015 Net Neutrality rules were the right approach. That approach is undergirded by a voluminous record and overwhelming public support, and it has been tested in court,” said Starks. “The Net Neutrality and Broadband Justice Act would codify just that. COVID and the last few years have proven that broadband is essential for the 21st century. This legislation is an important step that will provide certainty to consumers and broadband providers and allow everyone to move forward.”
Posted: July 12, 2022 by bduthaler
The most difficult challenge when recording meeting video: Recording Good Meeting Audio
by Rush Beesley, President, RUSHWORKS
Video is Easy.
There aren’t any ‘terrible’ video cameras these days. In fact, there are a myriad of tiny cameras with pinhole-sized lenses – often referred to as “cell phones” – that incorporate the latest technology and are available from many manufacturers.
With any current generation camera you can record (and stream) excellent HD video with minimal lighting. Overhead fluorescents provide adequate ‘soft light’ for any meeting venue. So just turn on the camera, frame your shot, and press Record.
Audio is not.
The variables involved when capturing audio in a meeting environment are many, and include
• Types of microphones (condenser vs. dynamic; wired vs. wireless; analog vs. digital)
• Audio pickup patterns (omnidirectional, unidirectional, cardioid, hyper-cardioid, ultra-cardioid)
• Local microphone control (user and/or remotely selected On/Mute)
• Audio mixers and signal processors (analog vs. digital)
• Audio power amplifiers vs. powered speakers
• Room sound support (ceiling vs. stand-mounted speakers; one or multiple speaker ‘zones’)
• Integration of Zoom, Teams and other remote meeting software with in-room sound support
• Meeting participants generally do not understand how to interact with a microphone
Here is a summary of the basics to help you make ‘sound’ decisions for your room.
Types of microphones
Condenser microphones have a higher output level and capture the important frequencies in the human voice. Since a dais or grouped tables are likely featured for the participants, ‘gooseneck’ microphones on weighted bases are ideal.
There are dozens of choices on Amazon, Sweetwater, B&H and more, but consider the Shure MX418D/C 18-inch Cardioid Gooseneck Microphone with Desktop Base and Preamp as your ‘go to’ for the room. The pickup pattern appropriately rejects ambient noise, reduces feedback potential and accommodates the widest range of participant positions.
Wireless microphones can be great problem solvers and problem creators at the same time. There is generally no local control of On/Off that your participants can easily use, so bathroom breaks must be muted by the operator. For current technology at a great price check out the Rode Wireless Go II and DJI wireless kits that provide excellent and stable wireless performance on a budget.
Audio mixers
Just select one with enough XLR inputs to accommodate your wired and wireless microphones. All will provide input level control and EQ for each input. The most important thing to know is how to set the input level for each microphone. Always follow this procedure.
Yamaha is among many manufacturers offering excellent alternatives, some with USB output. MX12XU shown here.
Audio signal processors
Analog audio signal processors manage audio levels by limiting, compressing and expanding the signal so the level stays consistent. The manufacturer dbx has provided these solutions for decades, and they’re still viable and inexpensive, like the Model 166x. Digital Signal Processors (DSP) use intelligent algorithms to manage levels and EQ, but they’re typically more expensive and complex to use. These are often associated with Dante™ digital audio systems.
Audio power amps, speakers and powered speakers
Before powered speakers became widely available, the signal path was always from the analog output of your audio mixer (line level) to one or more audio amplifiers, typically in rack-mount configurations. The power amps are connected to ceiling and/or wall-mounted passive (non-powered) speakers. 70V speaker systems are networks of loudspeakers which are connected to an audio amplifier using step-up and step-down transformers to simplify impedance calculations and to minimize power loss over the speaker cables. Powered speakers bypass the need for amplifiers, with the line out(s) of the mixer connected to those devices. Either method is fine, but powered speakers are the easiest to setup and use in many meeting spaces.
Remote participant audio integration
‘Hybrid’ meetings, that combine participants in a room with remote meeting software, are now largely an accepted form of municipal gatherings. But managing the interactive audio is a challenge because of how the signals are routed in your audio mixer. This can cause the annoying ‘feedback’, or round-robin echo that plagues such configurations. This is solved by creating a “mix minus” output on your mixer providing at least one ‘aux’ output sending a different mix of inputs to that output. The company ZOOM makes a lot of excellent and affordable audio gear, including their LiveTrak L-8 and L-12 mixers. Not only can they record individual inputs, but they also support three independent aux mixes that resolve remote meeting audio perfectly.
Summary Understanding the variables in audio production is critical in making the proper choices and optimizing your audio-for-video, which is certainly the most important aspect of your meeting recording. But I do recommend conducting a ‘class’ with your participants before the event to demonstrate how to, and how not to, interact with their microphone. Prevention is always the best alternative to an expensive cure.
Posted: July 12, 2022 by bduthaler
Switching Your Access Facility to HD
by Nick Besink, Engineer, Oradell TV
These days, more and more people are buying HD televisions, so naturally access channels want to switch to HD to accommodate it. Therefore, if you run a local access channel, where do you start? What exactly do you need to accomplish the switch to HD? What should you buy first?
If your municipality uses a statewide franchise agreement, you should be able to have them provide an HD channel.
My local access channel, OPTV, bought HD cameras first. This was a major decision to make, and a moderately expensive one – with inherent budget considerations and cases to be made for it.
Currently, many cameras have dual outputs – both HD and analog – so they can easily make the switchover without too much additional cost. If that isn’t possible, as is the case with some PTZ cameras that only have a digital output, most likely you will need to buy converters to accommodate digital-to-analog temporarily, so that your channel is able to stay on the air in the meantime.
The next item would be the switcher. There are many switchers out there, ranging in cost from a couple of thousand dollars to many thousands of dollars. The size and scope of local access facilities vary, so you will need to do your homework as to what you will need, both now and in the future. Some switchers can handle analog, SD digital, and HD digital. Of course, these will have a bigger price tag.
Another way to go is to buy a switcher that is solely digital, with the use of converters. If you have analog equipment that you want to use, but also want a new switcher, you can still buy converters that will take an analog source and output as serial digital.
Additionally, another consideration to make is that for HD broadcasting you will need to change cabling. Your choice will be either to make the cables you need, or you can buy them separately.
After the switcher, the next item to consider is the video server that feeds the cable station and OTT streaming service (if you have one). Again, all the new servers handle digital signals, both SD and HD. In the case of my station, we have Altice which requires an analog signal, so we need to use a digital-to-analog converter for broadcast to Altice customers. Verizon, however, allows for an HD signal; in our case, we also have an HD channel, which is no problem for us.
After making these decisions, over time you can consider various upgrades as needed. Most don’t require very much cost, but they all do involve time and effort to install.
Finally, as a member of JAG, you have the ability to connect with other local access facilities as to what they have done in their switchover to HD and what they plan to do. “Picking the brains” of other members is an invaluable benefit of membership. In the end, you will be very happy with the difference in picture quality with HD!